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Slow Setting · Anionic · ASTM D977
HINCOL Emulsion SS1 ASTM
As India’s leading bitumen emulsion manufacturer, HINCOL’s Emulsion SS1 ASTM is a Slow Setting Anionic Bitumen Emulsion conforming to ASTM D977 — engineered for prime coat applications on granular base layers, especially on basic (limestone/calcareous) aggregates. Backed by HPCL refinery bitumen and COLAS SA France emulsion technology.
⚗️ Anionic Chemistry
📋 ASTM D977
🌱 Prime Coat
🌡️ No Heating Required
🪨 Limestone Compatible
🌍 Export Grade Spec
What is HINCOL Emulsion SS1 ASTM?
HINCOL Emulsion SS1 ASTM is a Slow Setting Anionic bitumen emulsion produced to the American Society for Testing and Materials standard ASTM D977 — the international specification for anionic emulsified asphalts. SS1 stands for “Slow Setting, grade 1” — the most commonly used anionic emulsion for prime coat applications worldwide.
⚗️ What does “anionic” mean?
In an anionic emulsion, the bitumen droplets carry a negative electrical charge on their surface. This negative charge keeps the droplets stable in water and dictates which aggregates the emulsion bonds best with. Because opposite charges attract, anionic emulsions like SS1 ASTM bond strongest with positively-charged (basic) aggregates — typically limestone, dolomite, marble, and other calcareous rocks. This is the opposite of cationic emulsions (which have positively-charged droplets and prefer acidic aggregates like granite or quartzite).
In an anionic emulsion, the bitumen droplets carry a negative electrical charge on their surface. This negative charge keeps the droplets stable in water and dictates which aggregates the emulsion bonds best with. Because opposite charges attract, anionic emulsions like SS1 ASTM bond strongest with positively-charged (basic) aggregates — typically limestone, dolomite, marble, and other calcareous rocks. This is the opposite of cationic emulsions (which have positively-charged droplets and prefer acidic aggregates like granite or quartzite).
SS1 ASTM is applied at ambient temperature with no heating equipment required. The slow setting characteristic gives the emulsion sufficient time to penetrate deep into the granular base, bond with the underlying material, and waterproof the layer before breaking and curing into a continuous bitumen film. This makes it the workhorse anionic prime coat for highway, airport, and industrial pavement construction in regions where ASTM specifications are mandated.
SS1 ASTM Technical Specifications — ASTM D977
HINCOL Emulsion SS1 ASTM meets all requirements of ASTM D977 for Slow Setting Grade 1 anionic emulsified asphalt. Every batch is tested in our NABL-accredited laboratory before dispatch.
| Property | Specification (ASTM D977) | Test Method |
|---|---|---|
| Viscosity, Saybolt Furol at 25°C, sec | 20 – 100 | ASTM D7496 |
| Sieve Test (residue on 850 µm), % max | 0.10 | ASTM D6933 |
| Storage Stability, 24 hr, % max | 1.0 | ASTM D6930 |
| Particle Charge | Negative | ASTM D244 |
| Cement Mixing Test, % max | 2.0 | ASTM D6935 |
| Distillation — Residue by Evaporation, % min | 57 | ASTM D6997 |
| Distillation — Oil distillate, % vol max | 0 | ASTM D6997 |
| Residue Penetration at 25°C, 100g, 5s | 100 – 200 | ASTM D5 |
| Residue Ductility at 25°C, cm min | 40 | ASTM D113 |
| Residue Solubility in Trichloroethylene, % min | 97.5 | ASTM D2042 |
📌 Key Identifiers: SS1 ASTM is identified by its negative particle charge (vs cationic SS1’s positive charge) and its 57% minimum residue from distillation. The penetration range of 100–200 indicates a softer base bitumen than the harder SS1h variant.
Where SS1 ASTM is Used
SS1 ASTM is the standard anionic emulsion for prime coat applications under ASTM-spec projects across the world.
- Prime Coat on Granular Bases — Sealing Wet Mix Macadam (WMM), Water Bound Macadam (WBM), Crusher Run, and other unbound granular base layers before the asphalt overlay is placed.
- Cement Treated Base Prime — Sealing cement-treated bases (CTB) to prevent moisture loss during curing and provide a bonding interface for the bituminous overlay.
- Dust Palliative Treatment — Diluted SS1 ASTM application for dust suppression on haul roads, mine haul roads, and unsealed access roads.
- Soil Stabilization Prime — Used to seal stabilized soil bases (lime/cement/emulsion stabilized) in pavement construction.
- Airport Taxiway and Apron Bases — ASTM D977 spec is commonly mandated for international airport pavement construction projects.
- Fog Seal / Surface Rejuvenation — Diluted SS1 ASTM can be applied as a light fog seal to rejuvenate aged bituminous surfaces.
- Cold Mix / Slurry Seal (with compatible aggregates) — As the binder phase for slurry seals when basic aggregates are specified.
Recommended Application Rates
Application rate varies by base type, surface texture, and absorption. Always conduct a field trial to confirm the optimum rate for your project.
Prime Coat on WMM
0.7 – 0.9 kg/m²
Wet Mix Macadam base — applied undiluted or 1:1 with water for deeper penetration.
Prime Coat on WBM
0.8 – 1.0 kg/m²
Water Bound Macadam — typically more absorptive, higher rate needed.
Cement Treated Base
0.6 – 0.8 kg/m²
CTB has lower absorption — apply at the lower end of the range.
Dust Palliative
0.5 – 1.5 L/m²
Dilute SS1 ASTM 1:4 with water; multiple applications may be required.
Fog Seal (Diluted)
0.45 – 0.70 L/m²
Dilute 1:1 with water before spraying as fog seal on aged surfaces.
Curing Time
24 – 48 hrs
Allow full curing before overlay placement; varies with weather and base type.
✅ Application Method: SS1 ASTM is applied with a calibrated bitumen pressure distributor at ambient temperature. Heating is not required. Spray uniformly across the prepared base, allow the emulsion to penetrate and break (water evaporates, bitumen droplets coalesce), and place blotting sand if traffic must use the primed surface before curing.
Anionic SS1 ASTM vs Cationic Alternatives
HINCOL offers both anionic and cationic slow-setting emulsions for prime coat. Choose based on your aggregate chemistry and project specification.
| Property | SS1 ASTM (Anionic) | SS1 IS 8887 (Cationic Invert) | HINPRIME SS1 ASTM (Cationic) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Specification | ASTM D977 | IS 8887 | ASTM D2397 |
| Particle Charge | Negative (−) | Positive (+) | Positive (+) |
| Best Aggregate Compatibility | Basic (limestone, dolomite) | Universal (most aggregates) | Acidic (granite, quartzite) |
| Primary Use | Prime coat on basic bases | Prime coat (deep penetration) | Prime coat (general) |
| Residue Content (min) | 57% | 60% (invert) | 57% |
| Penetration Behavior | Good | Excellent (up to 15mm) | Good to Excellent |
| Project Type Suited For | International / ASTM-spec / Export | Indian NH, SH, MoRTH projects | International / ASTM-spec |
| Storage Stability | Standard | Excellent | Standard |
🎯 Quick decision guide:
- Project specifies ASTM D977 anionic and aggregates are basic (limestone/dolomite) → choose SS1 ASTM.
- Project specifies ASTM but aggregates are acidic (granite/quartz) → choose HINPRIME SS1 ASTM (cationic).
- Indian highway / MoRTH project → choose EMULTRA PLUS SS1 IS 8887 (invert emulsion, deeper penetration).
- Tack coat in heavy traffic + ASTM spec → choose SS1h ASTM (cationic hard grade).
How SS1 ASTM Prime Coat Works on Site
Following the correct application sequence ensures the prime coat performs as intended — sealing the base, waterproofing, and bonding with the overlay.
- Step 1 — Surface Preparation: Clean the granular base of all loose material, dust, and debris. The surface should be free of standing water but slightly damp is acceptable for SS1 ASTM.
- Step 2 — Spray Application: Use a calibrated bitumen pressure distributor to spray SS1 ASTM uniformly at the design rate (typically 0.7–1.0 kg/m²). Maintain even pressure and consistent vehicle speed.
- Step 3 — Penetration: The emulsion penetrates into the granular base (typically 5–10 mm). Anionic SS1 has a slower setting time which aids penetration.
- Step 4 — Breaking: Water evaporates from the emulsion. The bitumen droplets lose their stability charge and coalesce into a continuous bitumen film bonded to the aggregate particles.
- Step 5 — Curing: Remaining moisture migrates out over 24–48 hours. The prime coat becomes a stable, brown-black film that waterproofs the base.
- Step 6 — Overlay Placement: Once cured, place the bituminous overlay (BM/DBM/BC). The prime coat provides the bonding interface and prevents water ingress between layers.
Advantages of HINCOL Emulsion SS1 ASTM
- ASTM D977 Compliant — Meets international anionic emulsion specifications for export and ASTM-mandated projects.
- No Heating Required — Applied at ambient temperature. No hot bitumen distributor, no fuel costs, no safety hazards from hot material handling.
- Environmentally Friendly — Water-based system with no solvents. Compliant with environmental regulations on volatile organic compounds (VOC).
- Excellent for Basic Aggregates — Naturally optimised chemistry for limestone, dolomite, and calcareous aggregate bases.
- Deep Penetration — Slow setting characteristic allows the emulsion to penetrate 5–10 mm into the granular base before breaking.
- HPCL Bitumen Base — Manufactured using base bitumen from HPCL refineries — India’s largest petroleum refiner — ensuring consistent quality.
- COLAS SA Technology — Emulsion formulation backed by global expertise from COLAS SA France — operating in 50+ countries worldwide.
- NABL-Tested Quality — Every batch tested in HINCOL’s NABL-accredited laboratory before dispatch.
- Pan-India Bulk Supply — Available in bulk tankers or 200 kg drums (MS/HDPE) with mix design and technical support.
Storage and Handling Guidelines
- Storage Temperature: Maintain between 10°C and 50°C. Never freeze. Never heat above 85°C — overheating breaks the emulsion permanently.
- Storage Containers: Use clean, sealed bulk tanks or original 200 kg drums (MS or HDPE). Avoid copper, aluminium, or galvanised containers.
- Agitation: Gentle weekly agitation or drum rolling is recommended for storage beyond 2 weeks. Avoid excessive pumping or high-shear circulation, which can destabilise the emulsion.
- Shelf Life: Approximately 3 months in sealed containers under recommended storage conditions. Storage stability test (24 hr) limit is 1.0% per ASTM D6930.
- Cross-Contamination: Never mix SS1 ASTM (anionic) with cationic emulsions — chemical reaction causes immediate coagulation. Always use dedicated tanks and equipment.
- Safety: Wear PPE during handling. Wash spills with cold water before the emulsion breaks. Refer to HINCOL’s MSDS sheet for full safety information.
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Other HINCOL Bitumen Emulsions
Frequently Asked Questions — HINCOL SS1 ASTM
What is HINCOL Emulsion SS1 ASTM used for?
HINCOL SS1 ASTM is primarily used as a prime coat on granular base layers — Wet Mix Macadam (WMM), Water Bound Macadam (WBM), Cement Treated Base (CTB), and stabilized soil bases. It can also be diluted and used as a dust palliative for unsealed haul roads or as a fog seal for rejuvenating aged bituminous surfaces.
What is the difference between SS1 ASTM (anionic) and SS1 IS 8887 (cationic)?
- SS1 ASTM — Anionic (negative charge), per ASTM D977. Best on basic/limestone aggregates. Used for international and ASTM-spec projects.
- SS1 IS 8887 — Cationic invert emulsion (positive charge), per Indian Standard IS 8887. Universal aggregate compatibility, exceptional 15mm penetration. Used for Indian highway (NH/SH) projects under MoRTH specifications.
Both achieve the same purpose (prime coat) but through different chemistry. Choose based on your project’s specification document and the aggregate type at the base.
Why is SS1 ASTM better for limestone aggregates?
Anionic emulsions like SS1 ASTM have negatively-charged bitumen droplets. Limestone, dolomite, and other calcareous (basic) aggregates have a slight positive surface charge. The opposite charges attract — resulting in strong electrostatic bonding between the emulsion droplets and the aggregate surface as the emulsion breaks. This produces excellent prime coat adhesion. For acidic aggregates like granite or quartzite, cationic emulsions (HINPRIME SS1 ASTM) are preferred for the same reason.
How do I dilute SS1 ASTM with water?
SS1 ASTM can be diluted with clean potable water at ratios from 1:1 up to 1:4 depending on application:
- Prime coat with deep penetration: 1:1 dilution improves penetration into compacted bases
- Fog seal: 1:1 with water
- Dust palliative: 1:3 to 1:4 with water
Always add water to the emulsion slowly with gentle stirring (not the reverse). Avoid high-shear mixing, which can break the emulsion. Use diluted material within 24 hours.
Can I mix SS1 ASTM with other emulsions?
No. Never mix anionic SS1 ASTM with cationic emulsions. The opposite charges cause immediate coagulation — the emulsion will break inside your tank or pipeline, creating a major cleanup problem. Always use dedicated tanks, pumps, and distributors for anionic and cationic emulsions. Flush thoroughly with water and dilute soap solution if switching products.
What is the recommended curing time before placing the asphalt overlay?
Typical curing time for SS1 ASTM prime coat is 24 to 48 hours, depending on weather, base type, and application rate. The prime coat is ready for overlay when:
- The surface has changed from brown to black-brown
- The film is tack-free (no pickup on a clean finger pressed onto the surface)
- No free water or wet patches remain
If traffic must use the primed surface before curing, place a thin layer of clean blotting sand at 4–6 kg/m² to prevent tracking.
Is SS1 ASTM available in drums or only bulk?
HINCOL SS1 ASTM is available in both packaging formats:
- Bulk Tanker — Most economical for large projects (typically 15–25 MT per tanker)
- 200 kg MS Drum — For medium projects or remote sites without tanker access
- 200 kg HDPE Drum — Lightweight alternative for easier handling
Contact HINCOL at corporate@hincol.com or +91-22-23023250 for pricing and supply logistics.
Does HINCOL provide ASTM D977 compliance certificate with every supply?
Yes. Every consignment of HINCOL SS1 ASTM is supplied with a Mill Test Certificate (MTC) from our NABL-accredited laboratory, certifying compliance with ASTM D977. The MTC includes all key test results — viscosity, residue content, particle charge, storage stability, sieve test, and penetration of the recovered residue. For international/export projects, additional third-party laboratory certification can be arranged on request.
Quality & Compliance
ASTM D977 | ISO 9001:2015 | NABL-Accredited Testing | HPCL + COLAS SA France JV
ASTM D977
ISO 9001:2015
NABL
HPCL JV
COLAS SA